Understanding Substance Abuse: Risks, Signs and Prevention Strategies

Substance abuse occurs when alcohol, prescription medications or other legal and illegal substances are used excessively or inappropriately.

Although substance abuse and addiction are similar, they are not the same. People dealing with substance abuse can often quit or modify their harmful behaviors. At the same time, addiction is a disease that changes your brain chemistry, preventing people from stopping even when it causes harm.

Commonly abused substances include alcohol, caffeine, marijuana, hallucinogenics, cocaine and tobacco products. Prescription medications that are often misused include opioid pain relievers and stimulant medications for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, as well as medications for anxiety and sleep disorders.

Substance abuse can have far-reaching effects on all aspects of life, harming both the individual and those around them. If not addressed, it can lead to severe health complications, including addiction or even death.

Substance abuse is particularly common among college students and can result in a variety of academic, physical, mental and social problems. According to the National Center for Drug Abuse Statistics, in 2023, 35% of college students reported using illegal drugs instead of prescription drugs. Among those who use illegal drugs, 93% use marijuana, 37% use cocaine and 36% use hallucinogens.

Indicators of a substance use problem may include:

Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed

Frequent changes in friends

Neglecting personal care

Spending more time alone than usual

Changes in eating habits

Disrupted sleep patterns

Difficulties at work or with family

Irritability or mood swings

Intense cravings for the substance

Strategies for Preventing Alcohol and Substance Abuse:

Educate Yourself: Increase your knowledge about how substance abuse develops and the factors that contribute to it.

Build Healthy Relationships: Surround yourself with positive influences and avoid individuals who encourage substance use. Develop strategies to say no and plan ahead to resist peer pressure.

Seek Professional Guidance: Consult with a mental health professional to develop healthy coping mechanisms that help manage symptoms without resorting to alcohol or drugs.

Understand Your Risk Factors: Be aware of your family history and other risk factors related to substance abuse. The more informed you are about your biological, environmental and psychological risks, the better equipped you'll be to overcome them.