How Alcohol Raises Your Cancer Risk

Many people enjoy an occasional drink, but what they might not realize is that alcohol can increase the risk of developing several types of cancer. Whether it’s beer, wine or liquor, all forms of alcohol contribute to cancer risk.

Studies have linked alcohol consumption to cancers of the mouth, throat, voice box, esophagus, colon, rectum, liver and breast. The risk is especially high for individuals over 50, who, according to the CDC, account for more than 86% of new alcohol-related cancer cases.

But how exactly does alcohol lead to cancer? One major factor is DNA damage. Our DNA serves as an "instruction manual" for how cells grow and function. When alcohol is consumed, it can damage our cells, which will then try to repair themselves. These repairs could lead to DNA changes and damage—becoming cancerous.

For women, alcohol plays a concerning role in breast cancer. Drinking can raise levels of the hormone estrogen, which can be part of cancer development. Breast cancer is the most common alcohol-related cancer among women, while colorectal cancer is the most common among men.

Excessive alcohol use doesn't just affect individual organs—it takes a toll on overall health. It can lead to chronic inflammation and scarring in the liver, causing cells to repair themselves. Over time, these repairs can introduce genetic mistakes, increasing the risk of liver cancer. Alcohol can also contribute to weight gain by adding excess calories to the diet, and excess body weight is another known risk factor for several types of cancer.

Every year, about 20,000 adults in the U.S. die from cancers associated with alcohol use. In total, alcohol accounts for approximately 5% of all cancer cases and 4% of cancer deaths in the country.

The good news? This is one of the most preventable cancer risk factors. Cutting back on alcohol—or eliminating it altogether—can significantly lower your risk. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend moderation: up to one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men.

If you’re concerned about your alcohol consumption, talking with a healthcare professional can help you assess your risks and make informed choices.